MidiOutput class public functions

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MidiOutput(void);

Calls MidiOutPort().

MidiOutput(int aPort, int autoOpen = 1);

Opens MIDI port aPort automatically if openAuto == 1. If the port is already open, will not try to reopen it.

~MidiOutput();

Does nothing.

Basic user MIDI output commands:

Common MIDI Commands for playing synthesizers:

• play turn on/off a MIDI note.
• off send note off command.
• pc Patch Change: change the timbre on a channel.
• cont send a continuous controller command.
  • sustain send sustain on/off message.
• pw Pitch Wheel: change the pitch of notes on a channel.
• send send a MIDI command to the MIDI instrument from the computer.

int cont(int channel, int controller, int data);

Sends the value for the MIDI continuous controller command (0xb0) on the specified MIDI channel. Here is a list of continuous controllers.

• channel: MIDI channel [0..15]
• controller: MIDI continuous controller number [0..127]
• value: MIDI data [0..127]

int off(int channel, int keynum, int releaseVelocity);

Sends a note off command using midi command 0x80 with the specified key number and release velocity. Note that the most common way of turning off a note is to send the note-on command (0x90) with an attack velocity of 0 (see the play function.

• channel: MIDI channel [0..15]
• keyno: MIDI key number [0..127] (middle C = 60)
• value: release velocity [0..127]

int pc(int channel, int timbre);

Sends a MIDI patch change which changes the timbre on the specified channel. If you want to change to a timbre greater than 127, then check how your synthesizer does this. Usually, timbres are organized into banks, and you specify first which bank with the continuous controller #0.

int play(int channel, int keynum, int velocity);

Sends a note on or note off on the specified channel. If velocity parameter is missing, then a note off command is sent.

• channel: MIDI channel [0..15]
• keyno: MIDI key number [0..127] (middle C = 60)
• value: attack velocity [0..127] (note off = 0)

int pw(int channel, int mostByte, int leastByte);

Sends pitch wheel information on the specified MIDI channel. For the three parameter version, the mostByte = coarse tuning values 0..127 which are the most significant 7 bits of a tuning value, and the fine tuning values (leastByte) 0..127 are the least significant 7 bits of a tuning value. For the two parameter version, tuningData is a 14 bit number.

int pw(int channel, int tuningData);

Sends pitch wheel information on the specified MIDI channel. For the three parameter version, the mostByte = coarse tuning values 0..127 which are the most significant 7 bits of a tuning value, and the fine tuning values (leastByte) 0..127 are the least significant 7 bits of a tuning value. For the two parameter version, tuningData is a 14 bit number.

int pw(int channel, double tuningData);

Converts a number in the range from -1.0 to +1.0 into a 14 byte number which is sent out with the pitch wheel command.

void recordStart(char *filename, int format);

Starts recording MIDI output to the file filename according to the specified format which defaults to ascii. MIDI output sent through the send command are recorded, which output send through the rawsend command are not recorded. If the file already exists, the file will be overwritten. The defined formats are:

• 0 ascii format
• 1 binary format
• 2 Standard MIDI file format, type 0

Here is a description of the formats for recording MIDI output.

void recordStop(void);

Stops recording MIDI output to the file specified with recordStart.

void reset(void);

sends the MIDI command 0xFF which should force the MIDI devices on the other side of the MIDI cable (which is connected to the port of the MidiOutput object) into their power-on reset condition, clear running status, turn off any sounding notes, set Local Control on, and otherwise clean up the state of things.

int send(int command, int p1, int p2);

Sends MIDI data from the computer to a synthesizer. If not recording, then just calls rawsend . If recording, bytes are stored in an output buffer until the buffer is supposed to be flushed. Then the time since the previous flush is calculated and recorded, as well as all the bytes in the output buffer.

• byte: an 8-bit MIDI value to be sent out.
• flush: 0=store byte in output buffer, 1=send output buffer data to MIDI I/O as well as current byte.

int send(int command, int p1);

Sends MIDI data from the computer to a synthesizer. If not recording, then just calls rawsend . If recording, bytes are stored in an output buffer until the buffer is supposed to be flushed. Then the time since the previous flush is calculated and recorded, as well as all the bytes in the output buffer.

• byte: an 8-bit MIDI value to be sent out.
• flush: 0=store byte in output buffer, 1=send output buffer data to MIDI I/O as well as current byte.

int send(int command);

Sends MIDI data from the computer to a synthesizer. If not recording, then just calls rawsend . If recording, bytes are stored in an output buffer until the buffer is supposed to be flushed. Then the time since the previous flush is calculated and recorded, as well as all the bytes in the output buffer.

• byte: an 8-bit MIDI value to be sent out.
• flush: 0=store byte in output buffer, 1=send output buffer data to MIDI I/O as well as current byte.

void silence(int aChannel = -1);

silence MIDI data from the computer to a synthesizer. If channel == -1, then send note off commands on all channels, otherwise send only on specified channel.

void sustain(int channel, int status);

Turns on/off the continuous controller 0x40 (sustain). Turn on sustain with sustain(1). Turn off sustain with sustain(0). Same as off=cont(channel, 0x40, 0), or on=cont(channel, 0x40, 127).

• channel: MIDI channel [0..15]
• status: on/off switch, [0..1] 0=off, 1=on

Other useful basic commands

int sysex(char* data, int length);

Sends a system exclusive MIDI message. you must supply the 0xf0 at the start of the array and the 0xf7 at the end of the array.

int sysex(uchar* data, int length);

Sends a system exclusive MIDI message. you must supply the 0xf0 at the start of the array and the 0xf7 at the end of the array.

NRPN controller functions

int NRPN(int channel, int nrpn_msb, int nrpn_lsb, int data_msb, int data_lsb);

NRPN -- sends a Non-registered parameter number.

int NRPN(int channel, int nrpn_msb, int nrpn_lsb, int data_msb);

NRPN -- sends a Non-registered parameter number.

int NRPN(int channel, int nrpn_msb, int nrpn_lsb, double data);

NRPN -- sends a Non-registered parameter number.

int NRPN_null(int channel);

Same as NRPN(channel, 127, 127, 0); a NULL RPN will disable the previous values of either RPN or NRPN data.

int NRPN_attack(int channel, double value);

Same as NRPN(channel, 1, 99, value); with value in the range from -1.0 to +1.0.

int NRPN_attack(int channel, int value);

Same as NRPN(channel, 1, 99, value+64); with value in the range -64 to +63.

int NRPN_decay(int channel, double value);

Same as NRPN(channel, 1, 100, value); with value in the range from -1.0 to +1.0.

int NRPN_decay(int channel, int value);

Same as NRPN(channel, 1, 100, value+64); with value in the range -64 to +63.

int NRPN_drumAttack(int drum, double value);

Same as NRPN(9, 22, drum, value); with value in the range -1.0 to +1.0.

int NRPN_drumAttack(int drum, int value);

Same as NRPN(9, 22, drum, value+64); with value in the range from -64 to +63.

int NRPN_drumChorus(int drum, double value);

Same as NRPN(9, 30, drum, value); with value in the range from -1.0 to +1.0.

int NRPN_drumChorus(int drum, int value);

Same as NRPN(9, 30, drum, value); with value in the range from -64 to +63.

int NRPN_drumDecay(int drum, double value);

Same as NRPN(9, 23, drum, value); with value in the range from -1.0 to +1.0.

int NRPN_drumDecay(int drum, int value);

Same as NRPN(9, 23, drum, value); with value in the range from -64 to +63.

int NRPN_drumLevel(int drum, double value);

Same as NRPN(9, 26, drum, value); with value in the range from -1.0 to +1.0.

int NRPN_drumLevel(int drum, int value);

Same as NRPN(9, 26, drum, value); with value in the range from -64 to +63.

int NRPN_drumPan(int drum, double value);

Same as NRPN(9, 28, drum, value); with value in the range from -1.0 to +1.0.

int NRPN_drumPan(int drum, int value);

Same as NRPN(9, 28, drum, value); with value in the range from -64 to +63.

int NRPN_drumPitch(int drum, double value);

Same as NRPN(9, 24, drum, value); with value in the range from -1.0 to +1.0.

int NRPN_drumPitch(int drum, int value);

Same as NRPN(9, 24, drum, value); with value in the range from -64 to +63.

int NRPN_drumFilterCutoff(int drum, double value);

Same as NRPN(9, 20, drum, value); with value in the range from -1.0 to +1.0.

int NRPN_drumFilterCutoff(int drum, int value);

Same as NRPN(9, 20, drum, value); with value in the range from -64 to +63.

int NRPN_drumFilterResonance(int drum, double value);

Same as NRPN(9, 21, drum, value); with value in the range from -1.0 to +1.0.

int NRPN_drumFilterResonance(int drum, int value);

Same as NRPN(9, 21, drum, value); with value in the range from -64 to +63.

int NRPN_drumReverb(int drum, double value);

Same as NRPN(9, 29, drum, value); with value in the range from -1.0 to +1.0.

int NRPN_drumReverb(int drum, int value);

Same as NRPN(9, 29, drum, value); with value in the range from -64 to +63.

int NRPN_drumVariation(int drum, double value);

Same as NRPN(9, 31, drum, value); with value in the range from -1.0 to +1.0.

int NRPN_drumVariation(int drum, int value);

Same as NRPN(9, 31, drum, value); with value in the range from -64 to +63.

int NRPN_filterCutoff(int channel, double value);

Same as NRPN(9, 1, 33, value); with value in the range from -1.0 to +1.0.

int NRPN_filterCutoff(int channel, int value);

Same as NRPN(9, 1, 33, value+64); with value in the range from -64 to +63.

int NRPN_release(int channel, double value);

Same as NRPN(channel, 1, 102, value); with value in the range from -1.0 to +1.0.

int NRPN_release(int channel, int value);

Same as NRPN(channel, 1, 102, value+64); with value in the range from -64 to 63.

int NRPN_vibratoDelay(int channel, double value);

Same as NRPN(channel, 1, 32, value); with value in the range from -1.0 to +1.0.

int NRPN_vibratoDelay(int channel, int value);

Same as NRPN(channel, 1, 32, value+64); with value in the range from -64 to 63.

int NRPN_vibratoDepth(int channel, double value);

Same as NRPN(channel, 1, 9, value); with value in the range from -1.0 to +1.0.

int NRPN_vibratoDepth(int channel, int value);

Same as NRPN(channel, 1, 9, value+64); with value in the range from -64 to 63.

int NRPN_vibratoRate(int channel, double value);

Same as NRPN(channel, 1, 8, value); with value in the range from -1.0 to +1.0.

int NRPN_vibratoRate(int channel, int value);

Same as NRPN(channel, 1, 8, value+64); with value in the range from -64 to 63.

RPN functions

int RPN(int channel, int rpn_msb, int rpn_lsb, int data_msb, int data_lsb);

Sends a registered parameter number.

int RPN(int channel, int rpn_msb, int rpn_lsb, int data_msb);

Sends a registered parameter number.

int RPN(int channel, int rpn_msb, int rpn_lsb, double data);

Sends a registered parameter number.

int RPN_null(void);

Same as RPN(channel, 127, 127, 0);. After making the necessary settings you should set RPN's to NULL to reduce the risk of operational errors. a NULL RPN will disable the previous values of either RPN or NRPN data.

int RPN_null(int channel);

Same as RPN(channel, 127, 127, 0);. After making the necessary settings you should set RPN's to NULL to reduce the risk of operational errors. a NULL RPN will disable the previous values of either RPN or NRPN data.

int pbRange(int channel, int steps);

Same as RPN(channel, 0, 0, steps); Default value for pitch bend sensitivity is 2 steps (semi-tones).

int tuneFine(int channel, int cents);

Same as RPN(channel, 0, 1, cents+64); cents in the range from -64 to +63.

int fineTune(int channel, int cents);

Same as tuneFine(channel, cents);

int tuneCoarse(int channel, int steps);

Same as RPN(channel, 0, 1, steps+64); steps in the range from -64 to +63.

int coarseTune(int channel, int steps);

Same as tuneCoarse(channel, steps);

int tuningProgram(int channel, int program);

Same as RPN(channel, 0, 3, program);

int tuningBank(int channel, int bank);

Same as RPN(channel, 0, 4, bank);